A semester is assigned to the cursor (in especially neglected cases - a month). It is written for 3 days. The diploma is written for a week (in especially advanced cases two), and a year is assigned to it. Here, with the dissertation, the same proportions, only the timeframe is longer.
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For the protection of the dissertation, publications, experiments (for technicians), reviews, patents and other labours are needed, the scheme as with the diploma does not run.